Nosač aviona "Admiral Flota Sovjetskoga Sajuza Kuznjecov"

[Rade]

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Admiral Flota Sovjetskoga Sajuza Kuznjecov (Адмирал флота Советского Союза Кузнецов), prvobitno zvan Tbilisi, potom Leonid Brežnjev je nosač aviona (po ruskoj klasifikaciji teška krstarica – nosač aviona) koji je ujedno i komandni brod ruske mornarice. Po prvobitnom planu to je trebao da bude vodeći brod svoje klase, dok je danas to jedini brod u svojoj klasi. Drugi brod iz klase, Varjag, je pripao Ukrajini da bi potom nedovršen prodat Kini. Uslov prodaje Kini je bio da Varjag nikada neće biti opremljen u stepenu borbene upotrebe.
Označen na Zapadu kao nosač aviona, „Kuznjecov“ je imao ulogu i namenu različitu od namene i uloge nosača aviona u američkoj mornarici, ili u britanskoj. Termin korišćen od strane graditelja broda, „teška krstarica nosač aviona“, namenjen je da opiše brod koji ima namenu podrške i zaštite strategijskih podmornica i površinskih brodova ruske mornarice.
Ovakvo označavanje omogućuje poštovanje medjunarodnih konvencija koje se odnose na prolazak ratnih brodova kroz Bosfor i Dardanele.
Limitiranje na upotrebu aviona samo u operacijama vazdušne borbe rezultat je manjka katapulta. Sa relativno kratkom dužinom broda nemoguće je da sa njega polete borbeni avioni naoružani bombama koje su mnogo teže od raketa ( ne mogu da dostignu potrebnu brzinu).
Kako bi „pomogao“ svojim avionima da uzlete, na Kuznjecovu je primenjena „skakaonica“ (kao na italijanskom nosaču „Garibaldi“) na kraju palube. Ovim se postiže da avion napušta palubu pod većim uglom nego avion koji poleće sa ravne palube. Kako bilo, ovim rešenjem se mogu „podići“ i avioni sa težim podvesnim teretom.
Brod ima kapacitet smeštaja i upotrebe 16 aviona Jak – 41 M (NATO kodna oznaka Freestyle), 12 Suhoja Su – 27K (NATO kodna oznaka Flanker), te 4 helikoptera Kamov Ka-27-LD (NATO kodna oznaka Helix), 18 Kamova Ka-27 PLO i dva Ka-27-S.
Od raketnog naoružanja na brod je ugradjen raketni sistem (12 lansera) brod-brod Granit (NATO kodna oznaka SS-N-19 Shipwreck) sa dometom većim od 400km. Rakete imaju mogućnost nošenja konvencionalne ili nuklearne bojeve glave.
Sistem Klinok (24 vertikalna lansera sa 192 rakete) namenjen je za odbranu od protivbrodskih raketa, aviona i površinskih brodova. Sistem ima višekanalni radar sa faznom rešetkom, i ima brzinu paljbe od 1 rakete na svakih 3 sekundi. 4 cilja mogu biti istovremeno napadnuta, a domet iznosi od 12 do 15 km.
Sistem Kaštan pruža zaštitu od preciznog oružja, uključujući protivbrodske i protivradarske rakete, kao i odbranu od aviona i malih ciljeva na moru.
Kao „dodatak“ na brod je ugradjeno i 6 topova AK-630 kalibra 30 mm.
Od protivpodmorničke komponente, brod raspolaže sistemom Udav-1 sa 60 protivpodmorničkih  raketa. Udav-1 štiti brod odvraćanjem ili uništenjem torpeda ispaljenih na brod. Sistem takodje pruža zaštitu i od podmornica i podvodnih vozila. Sistem se sastoji iz 10 cevi iz kojih može ispaljivati projektile-dubinske bombe 111SG, projektile-mine 111SZ i projektile za ometanje 111SO. Domet sistema je do 3000 m, dok je dubina dejstva po podmornicama do 600 m.
Brod je pogonjen konvencionalnim pogonom i ima 8 kotla i 4 parne turbine, svaka snage po 50000 KS. Ove 4 turbine pokreću 4 propelera sa fiksnim listovima. Maksimalna brzina iznosi 29 čv, pri kojoj ima daljinu plovljenja od 3800 milja. Maksimalna daljina plovljenja iznosi 8500 milja, pri brzini od 18 čv.
"Admiral Flote Savjetskoga Sajuza Kuznjecov“ je porinut 1985. godine, dok je u operativnu upotrebu ušao deset godina kasnije, 1995. godine. Do leta 1989. godine „Kuznjecov“ je bio završen 71 %. Novembra 1989. su započela prva morska ispitivanja. Severnoj floti se pridružuje 1991. godine, decembra meseca. Od 1993. godine je popunjen avionima. U prvoj polovini 1996. godine „Kuznjecov“ isplovljava na prvo kratko vežbovno krstarenje po Mediteranu.  
Nestašica novca zarobljava brod u brodogradilištu Severne flote u stepenu 20% završenih popravki. Nadgradje je konačno završeno jula 1998. godine, i formalno se vraća u operativnu upotrebu 3. novembra 1998. godine.
Do učešća u spašavanju podmornice „Kursk“, 2001. godine, Kuznjecov nije izvršio niti jedno isplovljenje. Planovi za buduću upotrebu broda su odlagani ili otkazivani. Krajem oktobra 2004. godine učestvuje u vežbi ruske flote na Atlantiku. Slično učešće uzima i septembra 2005. godine.  
Tokom vežbe 2005. godine desila se i nezgoda koja je rezultirala padom aviona Su-33 u more.
Iako su finansijski i tehnički problemi rezultirali ograničenom upotrebom ovog broda, očekivanja su da će ostati u operativnoj upotrebi do 2030. godine.

Taktičko tehničke karakteristike
Dimenzije broda:   
- dužina preko svega   302.3 m
- širina    72.3 m
- gaz   9.14 m
Deplasman broda   43 000 t (standardni), 58 600 t (maksimalni)
Pogonska grupa   2 parne turbine snage po 37 MW
Brzina   29 čv
Daljina plovljenja   8500 milja brzinom od 18 čv
Autonomija    45 dana
Posada   1960 članova brodske posade, 626 vazdušnog osoblja, 40 članova štaba ruske RM
Vazdušna komponenta   16 aviona Jakovljev Jak-41M (Jak-141),
12 aviona Suhoj Su-27K (MiG-29K),
4 helikoptera Ka-27 LD,
18 helikoptera Ka-27 PLO,
2 helikoptera Ka-27 S
Naoružanje:   
- artiljerijsko   8 x AK 630
8 x Kaštan
- raketno   12 X P-700 Granit
8 x 3K95 "Kinzhal"
- protivpodmorničko   2 x RBU-12000 Udav

[pvanja]

Evo jos malo slika

[pvanja]

Kuznjecov

[jadran2]

jos nekoliko fotografija "Kuznjecova"

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[USS Nevada]

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[pvanja]

Izgleda da se sprema velika modernizacija ovog broda. Mada mislim da ovo sto se pominje u clanku preambiciozno.

Ukratko
- ulazak u remont i modernizaciju 2012 zavrsetak 2017.
- zamena problematicnih pogonskih motora - nuklearnim ili novim klasicnim
- ugradnja katapulta na PSS pod uglom uz zadrzavanje ski rampe
- zamena PVO sistema TOR novjim srednjeg dometa (80-120 raketa)
- ugradnja Pancir PVO sistema 4-6 jedinica
- demontaza protivbrodskih raketa (P-700) i na njihomom mestu prosirenje hangara
- promena i povecanje broja aviona - 26 Mig-29K i 15-20 SU-PAK !?!
- novi komando informacioni sistem (baziran na Sigmi)

Moscow set to upgrade Admiral Kuznetsov aircraft carrier
Admiral Kuznetsov aircraft carrier
© ru.wikipedia.org/
Related News


17:45 06/04/2010

The Fleet Admiral of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov, currently the only aircraft carrier serving as the flagship of the Russian Navy, will be upgraded, the media reported, quoting Navy sources. The aircraft carrier, due to enter a dry dock in 2012, will be re-launched in 2017.

Originally laid as the Leonid Brezhnev in 1982, launched as the Riga in 1985 and renamed as the Tbilisi in 1987, the warship received her current name in 1990. Western analysts call her a ship of a thousand names.

The Admiral Kuznetsov entered service with the Russian Navy in 1991 and was used for the operation of deck aircraft, the development of new tactics, including those for dealing with carriers of theoretical enemies.

In the late 1990s and the early 2000s, it was repeatedly proposed that the Admiral Kuznetsov, which remained moored for long time periods, be decommissioned and sold for scrap.

However, an improved situation in the country gave the ship a new lease of life. Her propulsion unit and other equipment were repaired, and she started taking part in various high seas war games more often.

In the mid-2000s, Navy representatives and Russian political leaders once again started speaking of the need to build aircraft carriers for the Navy. Moscow decided to preserve the Admiral Kuznetsov, used to train deck aircraft pilots.

The upcoming large-scale modernization was motivated by the need to eliminate the ship's inherent drawbacks and to repair some of her units. Plans for docking the ship in 2010-2012 were discussed more frequently and have now been confirmed.

Although it is hard to assess the revamped carrier's specifications, her future appearance can be predicted on the basis of available reports.

First of all, the defective propulsion unit comprising steam turbines and turbo-pressurized boilers will be replaced either with a gas-turbine or nuclear propulsion unit.

The ship's 3M45 P-700 Granit (SS-N-19 Shipwreck) anti-ship cruise-missile launchers will be dismantled, and her internal layout changed. Consequently, the hangar area will be expanded to 4,500-5,000 sq. m. for storing additional fixed-wing aircraft.

The Admiral Kuznetsov's air defenses will be strengthened by replacing 3K95 Kinzhal (SA-N-9 Gauntlet) missiles with a multi-role naval system featuring 80-120 new-generation and medium-range surface-to-air missiles (SAMs).

Moreover, 4-6 Pantsir-S1 (SA-22 Greyhound) combined short to medium-range SAM and anti-aircraft artillery weapons systems will be installed.

The new weapons systems will feature state-of-the-art radio-electronic equipment, probably including the standard Sigma combat information and control system, due to be installed on all new generation Russian warships. The system facilitates unprecedentedly effective cooperation between task force elements.

The carrier will also receive aircraft catapults, a logical option. Considering the fact that her ski-jump will remain intact, one or two catapults can be located on the angled flight deck.

A similar engineering solution was envisioned for the incomplete Ulyanovsk super-carrier, whose keel was laid down in 1988, but the project was cancelled when it was 40% complete along with a sister ship in 1991 after the end of the Cold War.

By that time, the Soviet Union had developed steam catapults and tested an experimental version at the ground-based NITKA training facility incorporating a ski-jump and deck arrestor. Consequently, this task is feasible.

The choice of catapults is linked with the choice of the ship's propulsion unit. Steam catapults require a nuclear propulsion unit, while a gas turbine propulsion unit leaves no choice but electromagnetic catapults. Moscow will either have to develop such catapults independently or buy them abroad, or ... copy them illegally.

The carrier's air wing is to comprise 26 new Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-29K Fulcrum-D multi-role fighter aircraft, helicopters and navalized Sukhoi T-50 PAK FA (Future Frontline Aircraft System) fifth-generation fighters, currently under development. It appears that 15-20 of these aircraft will be built pending the ship's re-launching, which is likely to take place in 2020 rather than 2017.

The opinions expressed in this article are the author's and do not necessarily represent those of RIA Novosti.

 

MOSCOW. (RIA Novosti military commentator Ilya Kramnik)

[MOTORISTA]

<iframe width="720" height="420" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/1s-XXX49VO4?fs=1&start=" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="true"></iframe>

[ZastavnikDjemo]

Izgleda da se sprema velika modernizacija ovog broda. Mada mislim da ovo sto se pominje u clanku preambiciozno.

Ukratko
- ulazak u remont i modernizaciju 2012 zavrsetak 2017.
- zamena problematicnih pogonskih motora - nuklearnim ili novim klasicnim
- ugradnja katapulta na PSS pod uglom uz zadrzavanje ski rampe
- zamena PVO sistema TOR novjim srednjeg dometa (80-120 raketa)
- ugradnja Pancir PVO sistema 4-6 jedinica
- demontaza protivbrodskih raketa (P-700) i na njihomom mestu prosirenje hangara
- promena i povecanje broja aviona - 26 Mig-29K i 15-20 SU-PAK !?!
- novi komando informacioni sistem (baziran na Sigmi)

Moscow set to upgrade Admiral Kuznetsov aircraft carrier
Admiral Kuznetsov aircraft carrier
© ru.wikipedia.org/
Related News


17:45 06/04/2010

The Fleet Admiral of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov, currently the only aircraft carrier serving as the flagship of the Russian Navy, will be upgraded, the media reported, quoting Navy sources. The aircraft carrier, due to enter a dry dock in 2012, will be re-launched in 2017.

Originally laid as the Leonid Brezhnev in 1982, launched as the Riga in 1985 and renamed as the Tbilisi in 1987, the warship received her current name in 1990. Western analysts call her a ship of a thousand names.

The Admiral Kuznetsov entered service with the Russian Navy in 1991 and was used for the operation of deck aircraft, the development of new tactics, including those for dealing with carriers of theoretical enemies.

In the late 1990s and the early 2000s, it was repeatedly proposed that the Admiral Kuznetsov, which remained moored for long time periods, be decommissioned and sold for scrap.

However, an improved situation in the country gave the ship a new lease of life. Her propulsion unit and other equipment were repaired, and she started taking part in various high seas war games more often.

In the mid-2000s, Navy representatives and Russian political leaders once again started speaking of the need to build aircraft carriers for the Navy. Moscow decided to preserve the Admiral Kuznetsov, used to train deck aircraft pilots.

The upcoming large-scale modernization was motivated by the need to eliminate the ship's inherent drawbacks and to repair some of her units. Plans for docking the ship in 2010-2012 were discussed more frequently and have now been confirmed.

Although it is hard to assess the revamped carrier's specifications, her future appearance can be predicted on the basis of available reports.

First of all, the defective propulsion unit comprising steam turbines and turbo-pressurized boilers will be replaced either with a gas-turbine or nuclear propulsion unit.

The ship's 3M45 P-700 Granit (SS-N-19 Shipwreck) anti-ship cruise-missile launchers will be dismantled, and her internal layout changed. Consequently, the hangar area will be expanded to 4,500-5,000 sq. m. for storing additional fixed-wing aircraft.

The Admiral Kuznetsov's air defenses will be strengthened by replacing 3K95 Kinzhal (SA-N-9 Gauntlet) missiles with a multi-role naval system featuring 80-120 new-generation and medium-range surface-to-air missiles (SAMs).

Moreover, 4-6 Pantsir-S1 (SA-22 Greyhound) combined short to medium-range SAM and anti-aircraft artillery weapons systems will be installed.

The new weapons systems will feature state-of-the-art radio-electronic equipment, probably including the standard Sigma combat information and control system, due to be installed on all new generation Russian warships. The system facilitates unprecedentedly effective cooperation between task force elements.

The carrier will also receive aircraft catapults, a logical option. Considering the fact that her ski-jump will remain intact, one or two catapults can be located on the angled flight deck.

A similar engineering solution was envisioned for the incomplete Ulyanovsk super-carrier, whose keel was laid down in 1988, but the project was cancelled when it was 40% complete along with a sister ship in 1991 after the end of the Cold War.

By that time, the Soviet Union had developed steam catapults and tested an experimental version at the ground-based NITKA training facility incorporating a ski-jump and deck arrestor. Consequently, this task is feasible.

The choice of catapults is linked with the choice of the ship's propulsion unit. Steam catapults require a nuclear propulsion unit, while a gas turbine propulsion unit leaves no choice but electromagnetic catapults. Moscow will either have to develop such catapults independently or buy them abroad, or ... copy them illegally.

The carrier's air wing is to comprise 26 new Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-29K Fulcrum-D multi-role fighter aircraft, helicopters and navalized Sukhoi T-50 PAK FA (Future Frontline Aircraft System) fifth-generation fighters, currently under development. It appears that 15-20 of these aircraft will be built pending the ship's re-launching, which is likely to take place in 2020 rather than 2017.

The opinions expressed in this article are the author's and do not necessarily represent those of RIA Novosti.

 

MOSCOW. (RIA Novosti military commentator Ilya Kramnik)

Pa ne bih ovo nazvao preambicioznim projektom. Radi se o najobičnijoj konverziji "Kuznjecova" u "pravi" nosač aviona. Za sve to tehnologije su već razvijene, Rusi su dosta naučili tokom remonta i modernizacije bivšeg "Admirala Gorškova", para valjda imaju, a i planiraju gradnju serije novih NA. Izgleda da će "Kuznjecov" da posluži kao platforma za obuku novih generacija pilota palubne avijacije.

[pvanja]

Skup je to sport sa noscima aviona.

Zamena pogona je prilicno obiman zahvat na svakom brodu a na naosacu kao najvecem brodu savremnih mornarica je bas velik i skup posao. Nije ni cudo sto planiraju da posao traje 5 godina.

Ovo sto je planirano je stvarno veliki zahvat - videcemo zasta ce se odluciti rusi.

[ZastavnikDjemo]

Pa jeste veliki zahvat, ali Rusi su to već uradili, i to sa INS "Vikramaditya". Parni katapulti za avione nisu neko epohalno otkriće, rakete im ne trebaju, jer imaju krstarice tipa "Kirov" i "Slava", kao i avione, koji će biti u stanju da nose protivbrodske rakete, ukratko, sve mi izgleda savršeno logično.