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Author Topic: Tipovi jedrenjaka  (Read 61456 times)
 
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ML
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« on: April 18, 2010, 10:29:58 am »

Lugger
Njega karakterišu oglavna jedra. Snast se sastoji od od dva do tri jarbola  s oglanim jedrima, uz to ima kosnik,koji je često pomičan, sa dva ili tri floka. [ Attachment: You are not allowed to view attachments ]
Koristijo se za trgovinu i ribarenja na engleskim i francuskim obalama.
Često se oglavno jedro mješa sa sošnim, pa tako i tipovi jedrenjaka.
Mnogi ga zamjenjuju sa škunerom, vijerovatno radi toga što je večina luggera kasnije pri prenovi dobila sošna jedra. [ Attachment: You are not allowed to view attachments ]
Oglavno jedro je nastalo od latinskog jedra,četverougaono, može da ima uz donji porubnik i deblenjak. Pojavili se prije sošnog jedra. [ Attachment: You are not allowed to view attachments ]
Sošno jedro se razvilo polovinom 18 vijeka skračivanjem latinskog jedra, tako da je odrezan dio ispred jarbola,i namješten sošnjak koji je uz jarbol bio pričvrščen hajmicom.Kasnije je uz donji porub montirana deblenjak pričvrščen na jarbol hajmicom a posle metalnim zglobom
[ Attachment: You are not allowed to view attachments ]
Škuner ili goleta [ Attachment: You are not allowed to view attachments ] [ Attachment: You are not allowed to view attachments ]
Ima jedno ili više jarbola koji su opremljeni uzdužnim jedrima, gradili su se sa najviše sedam jarbola.
Največi škuner  Thomas W.Lawson je sagrađen 1902, bijo je dug 120m sa 4000m2 jedrilja.



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ML
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« Reply #1 on: April 18, 2010, 10:34:56 am »

Thomas W. Lawson [ Attachment: You are not allowed to view attachments ]
škuner Alabama [ Attachment: You are not allowed to view attachments ]


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* škuner alabama.jpg (35.96 KB, 522x787 - viewed 402 times.)
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« Reply #2 on: April 18, 2010, 11:14:32 am »

Brik [ Attachment: You are not allowed to view attachments ]
Je jedrenjak srednje veličine sa dva jarbola sa križnim jedrima i jednim sošnim jedrom na krmenom jarbolu radi lakšeg manevriranja. To je brod  novijeg datuma i ne spominje se prije očetkaa 18 stoljeća. Na pramcu je imao kosnik i prikosnik, a iznad su se razapinjale dvije prečke.
Brzi piratski, gusarski i ratni brodovi razapinali su između jarbola u slučaju potrebe i četiri letna jedra.
U RM se uglavnom upotrebljavo za kurirsku službu, a naročito je bio cjenjen od strane gusara zbog brzine i čvrstoče.
Danas nema više brikova jer snast od osam križnih jedara zahtjeva veliku posadu, a skupo je i održavanje jedrilja. [ Attachment: You are not allowed to view attachments ] [ Attachment: You are not allowed to view attachments ]



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« Reply #3 on: April 18, 2010, 11:38:39 am »

Brigantin [ Attachment: You are not allowed to view attachments ]
Jedrenjak sa dva jarbola. Na prednjem jarbolu ima tri križna jedra,a na krmenom dva,veliku uzdužnu sošnjaču i povrh nje križnu košnjaču. Umesto deblenjače na glavnom(krmenom)jarbolu razapinje se ispred njega velika letnjača, a povrh kosnika dvije prečke.
Ni danas se u svim zemljama ne zove tim imenom isti tip broda. [ Attachment: You are not allowed to view attachments ]
i kod ovoga se vide na prednjem jarbolu četiri križna, a na krmenom tri križna jedra.


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« Reply #4 on: April 18, 2010, 08:55:26 pm »

Brik škuna [ Attachment: You are not allowed to view attachments ]
Ima dva jarbola od kojih pramčani ima križno jedrilje, a krmeni sošnjaču i vršku.
Barkantina [ Attachment: You are not allowed to view attachments ]
Jedrenjak sa tri jarbola, prednji ima križno jedrilje,a druga dva sošna jedra i vršnjače
Ne spominju se prije polovine19 st..Prvi su jih gradili Nizozemci oko 1850g.Na pramčanom jarbolu nema sošnog jedra, a između između njega i glavnog jarbola razapinju se tri letna jedra.
Naši pomorci nisu rado gradili tu vrstu jedrenjaka i dodavali su na pramčani jarbol sošno jedro, te se takav brod zove bark-beštija.
Uz vjetar dobro jedre sošnimm jedrima, a križna upotrebljavaju pri vjetrovima iz krmenih kvadranata.
Takav je naš  šb Jadran.
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« Reply #5 on: April 19, 2010, 07:58:40 am »

Škuna bark
Ima 4-5 jarbola,pramčani jarbol ima križna, a ostali jarboli sošna jedra i vrške. [ Attachment: You are not allowed to view attachments ]

Bark škuna
Ima tri jarbola. Na pramčanom a ponekad i na glavnom jarbolu ima dva križna jedra ispod kojih je sošno. [ Attachment: You are not allowed to view attachments ]

Sličan ali sa dva jarbola je Baltimorski škuner(topsail schooner) [ Attachment: You are not allowed to view attachments ] [ Attachment: You are not allowed to view attachments ]


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« Reply #6 on: April 19, 2010, 08:58:16 am »

Bark
Ima na svim jarbolima križna jedra, ali na krmenom jarbolu ima samo uzdužna jedra,sošnjaču i vršku. Barkovi imaju od 3-5 jarbola. [ Attachment: You are not allowed to view attachments ] [ Attachment: You are not allowed to view attachments ]

Nava(križnjak)
Ima na svim jarbolima križna jedra, a na krmenom ima i sošno jedro radi boljeg manevriranja. Nava ima najčešče tri, a najviše pet jarbola [ Attachment: You are not allowed to view attachments ] [ Attachment: You are not allowed to view attachments ]


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« Reply #7 on: May 02, 2012, 10:20:34 am »

Brik ili brigantin
Pošto su se pojavila lutanja, oko ova dva izraza, odlučio sam da nadodam ovaj prilog.
Istina je da se na internetu, a i po knjigama, nalaze raznorazni nazivi za jedrenjake, koji im baš ne odgovaraju. Za sam brik nema puno lutanja , to je manji jedrenak opremljen sa križnim jedrima, krmeni jarbol ima izza donjeg križnog jedra sošnjaču, koja je tu radi lakšeg manevriranja. Obično nema vrške.
Šta kažu Englezi u Britanici
brig,  two-masted sailing ship with square rigging on both masts. Brigs were used for both naval and mercantile purposes. As merchant vessels, they plied mostly coastal trading routes, but oceanic voyages were not uncommon; some brigs were even used for whaling and sealing. Naval brigs carried a battery of 10 to 20 guns on a single deck. In the great European navies of the 18th and 19th centuries, they served as couriers for battle fleets and as training vessels for cadets. In the early U.S. Navy, brigs acquired distinction during the War of 1812 in small fleet engagements on the Great Lakes and as merchant raiders in the Atlantic.
Because square rigging required a large crew, merchant brigs became uneconomical, and in the 19th century they began to give way to such fore-and-aft rigged vessels as the schooner and bark.
Oko toga uglavnom nema spora, pod upit dolazi definicija brigantina. Kao brigantina se u raznim medijima nazivaju brik-škune.
 PE . citiram :Brigantin se razlikuje od brika samo po tome što nema donjeg križnog jedra na krmenom/glavnom jarbolu.
Britanica kaže:
brigantine,  two-masted sailing ship with square rigging on the foremast and fore-and-aft rigging on the mainmast. The term originated with the two-masted ships, also powered by oars, on which pirates, or sea brigands, terrorized the Mediterranean in the 16th century. In northern European waters the brigantine became purely a sailing ship. Its gaff-rigged mainsail distinguished it from the completely square-rigged brig, though the two terms came to be used interchangeably. For example, brigantines with square topsails above the gaffed mainsail were called true brigantines, whereas those with no square sails at all on the mainmast were called hermaphrodite brigs or brig-schooners.
Znači da je u potpunosti definirano šta je brigantin,  a šta je brik-škuna (brod sa dva jarbola od kojih pramčani ima križna jedra a krmeni sošnjaču i vršku) kod engleza još hemafrodit brik.
Bit Brikantine je da ima na glavnom jarbolu i uzdužna jedra, sošno jedro, vršku, a između jarbola i trokutne letnjače, i gornja križna jadra. Sošno jedro je veće nego sošno jedro brika.
Mi ne bi trebali gledati kako je ko nazvao jedrenak (obično na internetu), ve č bi se morali držati naših ispravnih izraza. PE je relevantno knjižno izdanje i kao takva učestvuje u stvaranju pomorskog riječnika. [ Attachment: You are not allowed to view attachments ]


* brigantine_drawing.jpg (27.21 KB, 347x381 - viewed 355 times.)
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« Reply #8 on: May 02, 2012, 10:39:59 am »

Pošto su pomenuti i Italijani, oni nemaju brika, ali zato imaju istu riječ za brik i brigantin,
Odnosno    Brigantin =brigantino
               Brik= brigantino velacciere
               Bark = brigantino a palo
               Hemafrodit- brik, ,brik -škuna= brigantino goletta [ Attachment: You are not allowed to view attachments ]

Il brigantino è uno snello veliero, maneggevole e di dimensioni contenute, dotato di due alberi, quello prodiero armato con vele quadre, con una stazza lorda che va dalle 100 alle 300 tonnellate. Può avere un terzo albero a poppa, armato con vele auriche, nel qual caso prende il nome di "brigantino a palo". Se invece ne ha soltanto due, di cui quello prodiero con vele quadre e l'altro con vele auriche, prende il nome di "brigantino goletta", se ambedue gli alberi sono armati esclusivamente con vele quadre prende il nome di "brigantino velacciere", mentre nel '400 e nel primo '500 esistevano delle piccole galere, dotate di due alberi a vele latine e 12-18 remi sempolici, note come brigantini (ma anche come fregate e feluconi).


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« Last Edit: May 02, 2012, 10:49:12 am by ML » Logged
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« Reply #9 on: May 02, 2012, 09:44:41 pm »

Lijep brik Stavros S Niarchos [ Attachment: You are not allowed to view attachments ] Sa povoljnim vjetrom može postići preko 13čv.


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